Dr. A.K. Singal MBBS (Gold Medalist), DNB, MNAMS
M.CH (AIIMS, Gold Medalist)
Stecker Scholar Pediatric Urology (USA)

Index Cases

A child with disorder of sexual differentiation 2

Master S.K, 3 months old baby was brought to our clinic with abnormal development of sexual organs of the baby and diagnosed as ambiguous genitalia. The referring doctor could not say whether it was a boy or a girl.On clinical examination, the child had a severe hypospadias and right sided undescended testis which could not be felt on clinical examination.A Disorder of Sex development was suspected and detailed testing was done. Ultrasound showed uterus behind the vagina. A special X-ray test called Retrograde Genitogram confirmed the presence of vagina, uterus and right fallopian tube.Karyotype was done to study the chromosomal sex of the baby and it was 46XY/45XO instead of normal 46XY. 46XY/45XO karyotype is called a mosaic type whereby in 50% cell lines of the body Y chromosome is missing. This leads to faulty development of the reproductive organs.

Based on this a diagnosis of Sex Chromosome DSD was made (also called Mixed Gonadal dysgenesis).

After a detailed discussion with the family and considering that the penis development was adequate, a male sex assignment was considered. The surgery is called male genitoplasty.

Surgery was done to remove unwanted female components form the body (hysterectomy & salpingectomy with removal of streak gonad) and at the same time Single Stage Urethroplasty was performed using Modified Koyanagi Repair. Dr V.R.Jayanthi from Nationwide Childrens Hospital & Ohio State University, USA was the Chief Surgeon during the Surgery.

A second minor repair for a urethral fistula was performed 6 months later; now the baby is 10 years old and is doing well.Later at 12-13 years of age, he will need counseling and some hormonal replacement to help him with sexual function.

The chances of infertility are very high but S.K. will be a functional individual having a proper meaningful role in the society, taking care of his parents and family.


scrotal hypospadias with undescended testis
Clinical photo showing R undescended testis & severe hypospadias
RGU showing uterus and fallopian tube
Retrograde x-ray study showing large vagina & rt fallopian tube
Single stage hypospadias repair
Retrograde study showing large vagina behind bladder
Hysterectomy specimen
Modified koyanagi flaps in place for single stage repair
Hypospadias surgery outcome
Removed Hemiuterus & Fallopian tube with streak gonad
completed single Stage urethroplasty
completed single Stage urethroplasty

Discussion on Disorders of Sex Development (Intersex)

Intersex is a disorder where the sexual differentiation has not been completed. If we see the development of a normal child inside mother’s womb- till 2 months of pregnancy it is impossible to distinguish whether it is a boy or a girl. Only after that depending on the chromosomes and hormones, sex is determined.

Sexual differentiation into a male or a female is a very complex and well-orchestrated process and so many things can go wrong. A baby may be born with incomplete differentiation into a male or a female. Such condition is called ambiguous genitalia or Intersex. Just like a heart or brain disease, it is a medical disorder which is treatable.

It is important to realize that these kids except for the sexual organs are absolutely normal and can function as valuable and meaningful citizens. With the advances in medicine most of these kids can be offered a good hormonal and surgical therapy which will remove the ambiguity and give them a functional male or a female status.

The problems these people face are from three fronts:

As a result these kids are taken away by eunuch societies in their young age and denied a meaningful role in the society.Team Effort is important in managing these children:

Team Effort is important in managing these children:

Dr A.K.Singal is a reputed expert pediatric urologist surgeon who does largest number of surgery for DSD and hypospadias in India. He has got best results of urethroplasty and male genitoplasty for scrotal and severe hypospadias seen in DSD and Mixed Gonadal Dysgenesis.

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